Mehrdad Farivar; Zahra Hooshmandi; Mahbubeh Setorki; Sabrieh Amini
Volume 22, Issue 12 , 2020
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in industrialized countries and a leading cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Elettaria cardamomum is a widely used nutraceuticalis, which is reported to have diverse functions, including positive effects on anxiety-like behavior properties.
Objective: ...
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Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in industrialized countries and a leading cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Elettaria cardamomum is a widely used nutraceuticalis, which is reported to have diverse functions, including positive effects on anxiety-like behavior properties.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and its major constituent (i.e., 1,8-cineole) on the brain injury induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.
Materials and Methods: Cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in Wistar rats by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid artery for 30 min. Subsequently, Elettaria cardamomum essential oil (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg i.p.) and its major constituent (1,8-cineole) (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg i.p.) was injected to rats for 14 consecutive days. After the final treatment, blood samples were taken, and the brain tissues were separated and used for biochemical analysis by RT-PCR to detect the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
Results: Administration of Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and 1,8-cineole significantly decreased the malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the blood and brain cortex of the rat. Additionally, Elettaria cardamomum essential oil and 1,8-cineole significantly suppressed the expression level of Caspase 3, IL-1?, TNF-?, and iNOS in the cerebral cortex.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that Elettaria cardamomum essential oil has specific neuroprotective effects that may be useful for the treatment of cerebral hypoperfusion. The pharmacological mechanism of Elettaria cardamomum partly involves the modulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress.
youness teymorivand; zahra hooshmandi; mahbubeh setorki; sabrieh amini
Volume 22, Issue 8 , 2020
Abstract
Background: Based on traditional beliefs, Biarum carduchrum (family Araceae) can strengthen the nervous system and prevent from sleep disorder and agitation.
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Biarum carduchrum leaves against pentylenetetrazol ...
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Background: Based on traditional beliefs, Biarum carduchrum (family Araceae) can strengthen the nervous system and prevent from sleep disorder and agitation.
Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of the ethyl acetate extract of Biarum carduchrum leaves against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure in rats.
Methods: The present experimental research was conducted on 50 male Wistar rats in Iran during 2019. The animals were examined in five groups of control, PTZ, intervention (PTZ with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethyl acetate extract for 10 days), diazepam (PTZ, 200 mg/kg extract, and diazepam). The research groups were compared in terms of behaviors. Furthermore, total phenol and flavonoid levels in the extract were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results: According to the results, the intervention and diazepam groups had a significantly lower number of the whole body, tonic, head, and upper organ seizures (P<0.05), and jumps (P<0.05), compared to the PTZ group. Both doses of the extract also significantly decreased immobility time in tail suspension and secondary latency time and significantly enhanced spatial memory in Morris water maze test (P<0.05). This treatment also significantly reduced the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in the brain and serum (P<0.05) and showed antioxidant activity (IC50=200 ?g/ml). The extract contained 42.63±0.7494 and 85.16±6.499 µg/mg phenol and flavonoid, respectively. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of quercetin (30 ?g/g) in the extract.
Conclusions: Based on the results, Biarum carduchrum extract can be used for depression control and improvement of learning and memory impairments in seizure patients after complementary testing.
Nasrin Abdol; Mahbubeh Setorki
Volume 22, Issue 1 , 2020
Abstract
Background: One of the most important herbal remedies in Iran is Echium amoenum L. It has been used in traditional Iranian pharmaceutical formulations and has provided an interesting area of research for various drug activities.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant ...
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Background: One of the most important herbal remedies in Iran is Echium amoenum L. It has been used in traditional Iranian pharmaceutical formulations and has provided an interesting area of research for various drug activities.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant and antianxiolytic effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Echium amoenum L. in a socially isolated model of male mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 50 male Balb/c mice weighing 25 to 30 g were divided into five groups of 10 mice. The control group received normal saline. The treatment groups received the Echium amoenum L. hydroalcoholic extract for five days at doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg via i.p injection and the negative control group received social isolation and normal saline.
Results: Echium amoenum L. hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility in the forced swimming test in mice exposed to social isolation stress. Echium amoenum L. extract at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg significantly increased the number of crossings in the center of the open-field box. The time of staying in the open arms increased significantly in groups receiving the extract at 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg. Treatment with Echium amoenum L. extract reduced the serum and brain tissue levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in mice exposed to social isolation stress and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of serum and brain tissue.
Conclusions: Modulating the nitric oxide system and reducing oxidative stress may be essential mechanisms of Echium amoenum L. extract in reducing depression and anxiety in mice.
Jafar Ahmadpoor; Saeid Valipour Chahardahcheric; Mahbubeh Setorki
Volume 21, Issue 3 , 2019, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Antioxidant compounds are novel approaches in the treatment of neurological disorders.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris (rich in flavonoids with antioxidant properties) ...
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Background: Antioxidant compounds are novel approaches in the treatment of neurological disorders.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Adiantum capillus-veneris (rich in flavonoids with antioxidant properties) in mice under chronic restraint stress (CRS).Methods: This experimental study was conducted in a university-affiliated Experimental Animal Unit, Khuzestan, Iran, from April to June 2018. Forty male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8), including under chronic restraint stress (CRS) receiving normal saline, hydroalcoholic extract of A. capillus-veneris (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, i.p), or diazepam (10 mg/kg/day, i.p). After 21 days of the consecutive treatment, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities were evaluated using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Moreover, serum and brain levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as serum corticosterone, were measured.Results: Immobility time in the FST was significantly decreased (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, P < 0.0001) after treating CRS mice with all doses of the extract. CRS-exposed mice treated with all doses of the extract showed a significantly increased percentage of entries into the open arm (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001) and reduced closed arm entries in the EPM (P = 0.012, P = 0.024). Extract at all doses significantly increased serum (P < 0.0001) and brain (P = 0.011, P = 0.004, P = 0.001) TAC in CRS-exposed mice. The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) also reduced CRS-induced serum and brain MDA (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001). Serum corticosterone did not significantly change following the extract treatment.Conclusions: A. capillus-veneris extract showed antidepressant and anxiolytic effects by reducing oxidative stress markers.
Mojgan Daneshkhah; Mahbubeh Setorki
Volume 21, Issue 2 , 2019, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: A new approach in the treatment of epilepsy is to use new drugs with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Artemisia persica essential oil (EO) against pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)-induced seizure in mice.Methods: ...
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Background: A new approach in the treatment of epilepsy is to use new drugs with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Artemisia persica essential oil (EO) against pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)-induced seizure in mice.Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Izeh Islamic Azad University, Iran. 70 male BALB/c mice were divided intoseven groups of 10 using simple random allocation, including control (normal saline), PTZ (35 mg/kg i.p. with 48 hours intervalsand then 60 mg/kg on the 10th day), interventions (PTZ plus daily i.p. injection of EO at doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg), diazepam(PTZ plus EO at a dose of 100 mg/kg + diazepam), and flumazenil (PTZ plus EO at a dose of 100 mg/kg + flumazenil) groups.Results: The treatment of PTZ-kindled mice with 50 mg/kg of EO significantly reduced the seizure onset latency (P < 0.05). EO ata dose of 100 mg/kg significantly decreased tonic seizures, head tics, and repeated spinning and jumping (P < 0.05). Diazepamimproved, and flumazenil weakened the anticonvulsant effects of the EO. The treatment of PTZ-kindled mice with EO (100 mg/kg)significantly decreased nitric oxide and malondialdehyde, and increased the total antioxidant capacity in both serum and brain (P< 0.05). EO at a dose of 100 mg/kg could significantly decrease IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the brain of epileptic mice (P < 0.05).Conclusions: A. persica EO shows anticonvulsant effects through benzodiazepine receptor binding activity and modulation of ox-idative stress and the inflammatory process.
